Gaillardia
Gaillardia
Fiery banded blanket-flower blooming all summer for bees and butterflies.
- Type
- Flower · Perennial
- Botanical family
- Mixed / other
- Foliage color
- Green
- Flower color
- Red · Yellow
- Sunlight
- Full sun
- Watering
- Low
- Soil
- Poor, free-draining
- Feeding
- Keep the feeding light — this is a plant that resents richness.
- USDA zones
- 3a–9b
- Frost tolerant
- Yes
- Flowering
- June
- Pruning
- Deadhead as the flowers go over, then cut it back in autumn.
- Sow indoors
- 49 days before the last spring frost
- Sow direct
- at the last spring frost
- Plant out
- at the last spring frost
- First harvest
- 70 days after the last spring frost
- Harvest ends
- at the first fall frost
- Mar–Jun Spring Growth
- Jun–Oct Flowering
- Oct–Nov Growing
- Nov–Dec Leaf Fall
- Jan–Mar Leaf Fall
- Plant spacing
- 11 in
- In-row spacing
- 9.8 in
- Between rows
- 11.8 in
- Square-foot density
- 1 per square
- Root system
- A slender taproot with fine side roots
- Working depth
- 18 in–3 ft
- Can reach
- 4 ft down where the soil allows
- Spread
- 9–18 in across, about 0.5–1× the width of the plant
- Shallowest pot
- 16 in of soil
The taproot goes down before the plant does much above ground, and it never forgives being broken. Sow it where it is to grow, or start it in a deep cell and plant it out before the root reaches the bottom.
The habit is Gaillardia’s own; the figures are what that habit usually comes to at this size, not a measurement of this species. Roots follow the soil either way: a compacted pan, a high water table or heavy clay stops them well short of any of it, and deep open ground lets them go further.
- When
- Cut in cool morning from early summer to hard frost; blanket flower shrugs off heat and drought and keeps producing.
- What to look for
- Cut when ray petals are fully open and firm but the domed center hasn't yet gone fuzzy with pollen; the globe-shaped spent heads that follow are the deadheading target.
- How to harvest
- Snip long stems above a node; foliage can irritate skin (gloves if sensitive). Strip lower leaves, condition in cool water. The round seed heads are attractive enough to cut for texture too.
- How often
- Deadhead or cut every few days — gaillardia blooms itself to death otherwise (heavy seed set genuinely shortens the perennial's life). A midsummer shear renews scruffy plants.
- Storing the crop
- Vase life 6–8 days. The globular seed heads dry well for arrangements. Seed-save from fully dry, fluffy heads; store cool and dry, sow shallow (needs light).
- Aphids Small sap-sucking insects — greenfly, blackfly — that cluster on soft new growth and excrete sticky honeydew. Squash by hand, hose off with water, and encourage ladybirds and lacewings.
- Leaf spot Brown or black spots that spread and merge in wet weather, sometimes with yellow halos. Pick off affected leaves, clear fallen ones, and water at the base.
- Powdery mildew A white dusty coating over leaves and shoots when roots are dry but the air is humid. Keep plants watered and mulched, prune for airflow, and remove the worst leaves.
- Root & crown rot Root rot where the soil stays wet
Beneficial predators that hunt this plant's pests — grow their favourite flowers nearby to recruit them. companion plant
- Aphid midge Aphidoletes aphidimyzaHunts Aphids
A tiny midge whose orange maggots paralyze aphids and drink them dry, twenty or more each. Sold as a greenhouse biological control and resident outdoors wherever there are small nectar flowers and an unsprayed aphid colony to find.
- Assassin bug ReduviidaeHunts Aphids
A patient ambusher with a curved beak it drives into whatever it catches — caterpillars, beetles, bugs, and the occasional bee, so count it a generalist rather than a specialist. It will jab a careless finger too, so admire it and leave it be.
- Big-eyed bug Geocoris spp.Hunts Aphids
A stubby 3 mm bug with enormous wrap-around eyes, working the soil surface and the low foliage for aphids, mites, thrips and insect eggs. It is the main natural check on chinch bugs in a lawn and it is killed outright by insecticide.
- Damsel bug NabidaeHunts Aphids
A slender, mantis-armed bug that grabs aphids, small caterpillars, and thrips in low crops and meadowy edges. Leave a strip of unmown grasses and flowers for it to overwinter in.
- Dragonflies & damselflies OdonataHunts Aphids
Aerial hunters that take mosquitoes, midges and small flies on the wing all day, and whose larvae spend a year or more clearing the same insects from the water. A pond with planted margins and no fish is the way to have them.
- Garden birds PasseriformesHunts Aphids
Both things are true: birds strip your currants and a brood of blue tits takes several thousand caterpillars out of one fruit tree in a fortnight. Net what you must and welcome them everywhere else — a nest box near the apples is worth more than a spray.
- Green lacewing Chrysoperla carneaHunts Aphids
Its bristly larvae — "aphid lions" — impale aphids, mealybugs, thrips, and mite colonies, eating hundreds a week. Adults feed on nectar and pollen from small open flowers and overwinter in hollow stems left standing.
- Hoverfly SyrphidaeHunts Aphids
Bee-mimicking flies whose legless larvae graze aphid colonies clean while the adults pollinate. A ribbon of shallow, nectar-rich flowers kept in bloom all season recruits wave after wave of them.
- Ladybird (lady beetle) CoccinellidaeHunts Aphids
The gardener’s favorite ally: adults and their alligator-shaped larvae each eat thousands of aphids, plus scale, mealybugs, and other soft-bodied sap-suckers. Grow flat, open flowers for the adults and never spray a colony that ladybird larvae are already working.
- Minute pirate bug Orius spp.Hunts Aphids
A pinhead-sized true bug that is the best natural check on thrips, and happily spears aphids, mites, and insect eggs too. It needs pollen when prey is scarce, so keep something flowering nearby.
- Parasitic wasps Braconidae & TrichogrammaHunts Aphids
Tiny, stingless wasps that lay eggs in or on caterpillars, aphids, and moth eggs — the white cocoons riding a hornworm are their calling card, so leave that caterpillar be. Umbel flowers with shallow nectar keep the adults fuelled.
- Praying mantis MantidaeHunts Aphids
A sit-and-wait ambusher that snatches caterpillars, beetles, and anything else that wanders close — friend and foe alike, so count it a mixed blessing. Tall, structured plantings give it perches and egg-case anchors.
- Soldier beetle CantharidaeHunts Aphids
Soft-winged beetles seen mating on flower heads in high summer; adults and larvae both take aphids and soft grubs. Open composite flowers are their landing pads and hunting grounds.
- Spiders AraneaeHunts Aphids
Webs, ambushes, and night patrols make spiders the garden’s steadiest generalist predators, taking whatever flies or crawls past. Mulch, ground cover, and undisturbed corners keep the population dense.
Echinacea, Rudbeckia, Ornamental grasses, Salvia
Good neighbors
The banded red-and-gold blooms earned it the name 'blanket flower'.
Green-leaved flowers, like this one.
The Cottage Garden Companion — the gardener's herbarium at cottagegardencompanion.com